--- stack/stack.c 2002/01/08 00:03:16 1.5 +++ stack/stack.c 2002/02/07 01:06:44 1.45 @@ -6,41 +6,82 @@ #include /* dlopen, dlsym, dlerror */ #include +/* assert */ +#include #define HASHTBLSIZE 65536 -typedef struct stack_item -{ - enum {value, string, ref, func, symbol} type; +/* First, define some types. */ + +/* A value of some type */ +typedef struct { + enum { + integer, + string, + func, /* Function pointer */ + symb, + list + } type; /* Type of stack element */ + union { - void* ptr; - int val; - } content; + void *ptr; /* Pointer to the content */ + int val; /* ...or an integer */ + } content; /* Stores a pointer or an integer */ + + int refcount; /* Reference counter */ + +} value; + +/* A symbol with a name and possible value */ +/* (These do not need reference counters, they are kept unique by + hashing.) */ +typedef struct symbol_struct { + char *id; /* Symbol name */ + value *val; /* The value (if any) bound to it */ + struct symbol_struct *next; /* In case of hashing conflicts, a */ +} symbol; /* symbol is a kind of stack item. */ - char* id; - struct stack_item* next; -} stackitem; +/* A type for a hash table for symbols */ +typedef symbol *hashtbl[HASHTBLSIZE]; /* Hash table declaration */ +/* An item (value) on a stack */ +typedef struct stackitem_struct +{ + value *item; /* The value on the stack */ + struct stackitem_struct *next; /* Next item */ +} stackitem; -typedef stackitem* hashtbl[HASHTBLSIZE]; -typedef void (*funcp)(stackitem**); +/* An environment; gives access to the stack and a hash table of + defined symbols */ +typedef struct { + stackitem *head; /* Head of the stack */ + hashtbl symbols; /* Hash table of all variable bindings */ + int err; /* Error flag */ +} environment; + +/* A type for pointers to external functions */ +typedef void (*funcp)(environment *); /* funcp is a pointer to a void + function (environment *) */ -void init_hashtbl(hashtbl out_hash) +/* Initialize a newly created environment */ +void init_env(environment *env) { long i; + env->err=0; for(i= 0; isymbols[i]= NULL; } -stackitem** hash(hashtbl in_hashtbl, const char* in_string) +/* Returns a pointer to a pointer to an element in the hash table. */ +symbol **hash(hashtbl in_hashtbl, const char *in_string) { long i= 0; unsigned long out_hash= 0; - char key= 0; - stackitem** position; + char key= '\0'; + symbol **position; - while(1){ + while(1){ /* Hash in_string */ key= in_string[i++]; if(key=='\0') break; @@ -51,238 +92,746 @@ position= &(in_hashtbl[out_hash]); while(1){ - if(*position==NULL) + if(*position==NULL) /* If empty */ return position; - if(strcmp(in_string, (*position)->id)==0) + if(strcmp(in_string, (*position)->id)==0) /* If match */ return position; - position= &((*position)->next); + position= &((*position)->next); /* Try next */ } } - -int push(stackitem** stack_head, stackitem* in_item) +/* Generic push function. */ +void push(stackitem** stack_head, stackitem* in_item) { in_item->next= *stack_head; *stack_head= in_item; - return 1; } -int push_val(stackitem** stack_head, int in_val) +/* Push a value onto the stack */ +void push_val(stackitem **stack_head, value *val) { - stackitem* new_item= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); - new_item->content.val= in_val; - new_item->type= value; - + stackitem *new_item= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); + new_item->item= val; + val->refcount++; push(stack_head, new_item); - return 1; } -int push_cstring(stackitem** stack_head, const char* in_string) +/* Push an integer onto the stack. */ +void push_int(stackitem **stack_head, int in_val) { - stackitem* new_item= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); - new_item->content.ptr= malloc(strlen(in_string)+1); - strcpy(new_item->content.ptr, in_string); - new_item->type= string; + value *new_value= malloc(sizeof(value)); + stackitem *new_item= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); + new_item->item= new_value; + + new_value->content.val= in_val; + new_value->type= integer; + new_value->refcount=1; push(stack_head, new_item); - return 1; } -int mk_hashentry(hashtbl in_hashtbl, stackitem* in_item, const char* id) +/* Copy a string onto the stack. */ +void push_cstring(stackitem **stack_head, const char *in_string) { - in_item->id= malloc(strlen(id)+1); - - strcpy(in_item->id, id); - push(hash(in_hashtbl, id), in_item); + value *new_value= malloc(sizeof(value)); + stackitem *new_item= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); + new_item->item=new_value; + + new_value->content.ptr= malloc(strlen(in_string)+1); + strcpy(new_value->content.ptr, in_string); + new_value->type= string; + new_value->refcount=1; - return 1; + push(stack_head, new_item); } -void def_func(hashtbl in_hashtbl, funcp in_func, const char* id) +/* Push a symbol onto the stack. */ +void push_sym(environment *env, const char *in_string) { - stackitem* temp= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); + stackitem *new_item; /* The new stack item */ + /* ...which will contain... */ + value *new_value; /* A new symbol value */ + /* ...which might point to... */ + symbol **new_symbol; /* (if needed) A new actual symbol */ + /* ...which, if possible, will be bound to... */ + value *new_fvalue; /* (if needed) A new function value */ + /* ...which will point to... */ + void *funcptr; /* A function pointer */ + + static void *handle= NULL; /* Dynamic linker handle */ + + /* Create a new stack item containing a new value */ + new_item= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); + new_value= malloc(sizeof(value)); + new_item->item=new_value; + + /* The new value is a symbol */ + new_value->type= symb; + new_value->refcount= 1; + + /* Look up the symbol name in the hash table */ + new_symbol= hash(env->symbols, in_string); + new_value->content.ptr= *new_symbol; + + if(*new_symbol==NULL) { /* If symbol was undefined */ + + /* Create a new symbol */ + (*new_symbol)= malloc(sizeof(symbol)); + (*new_symbol)->val= NULL; /* undefined value */ + (*new_symbol)->next= NULL; + (*new_symbol)->id= malloc(strlen(in_string)+1); + strcpy((*new_symbol)->id, in_string); + + /* Intern the new symbol in the hash table */ + new_value->content.ptr= *new_symbol; + + /* Try to load the symbol name as an external function, to see if + we should bind the symbol to a new function pointer value */ + if(handle==NULL) /* If no handle */ + handle= dlopen(NULL, RTLD_LAZY); + + funcptr= dlsym(handle, in_string); /* Get function pointer */ + if(dlerror()==NULL) { /* If a function was found */ + new_fvalue= malloc(sizeof(value)); /* Create a new value */ + new_fvalue->type=func; /* The new value is a function pointer */ + new_fvalue->content.ptr=funcptr; /* Store function pointer */ + (*new_symbol)->val= new_fvalue; /* Bind the symbol to the new + function value */ + new_fvalue->refcount= 1; + } + } + push(&(env->head), new_item); +} + +void printerr(const char* in_string) { + fprintf(stderr, "Err: %s\n", in_string); +} - temp->type= func; - temp->content.ptr= in_func; +/* Throw away a value */ +void free_val(value *val){ + stackitem *item, *temp; - mk_hashentry(in_hashtbl, temp, id); + val->refcount--; /* Decrease the reference count */ + if(val->refcount == 0){ + switch (val->type){ /* and free the contents if necessary */ + case string: + free(val->content.ptr); + break; + case list: /* lists needs to be freed recursively */ + item=val->content.ptr; + while(item != NULL) { /* for all stack items */ + free_val(item->item); /* free the value */ + temp=item->next; /* save next ptr */ + free(item); /* free the stackitem */ + item=temp; /* go to next stackitem */ + } + free(val); /* Free the actual list value */ + break; + default: + break; + } + } } -void def_sym(hashtbl in_hashtbl, const char* id) +/* Discard the top element of the stack. */ +extern void toss(environment *env) { - stackitem* temp= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); + stackitem *temp= env->head; + + if((env->head)==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } - temp->type= symbol; + free_val(env->head->item); /* Free the value */ + env->head= env->head->next; /* Remove the top stack item */ + free(temp); /* Free the old top stack item */ +} - mk_hashentry(in_hashtbl, temp, id); +/* Print newline. */ +extern void nl() +{ + printf("\n"); } -int push_ref(stackitem** stack_head, hashtbl in_hash, const char* in_string) +/* Gets the type of a value */ +extern void type(environment *env){ + int typenum; + + if((env->head)==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + typenum=env->head->item->type; + toss(env); + switch(typenum){ + case integer: + push_sym(env, "integer"); + break; + case string: + push_sym(env, "string"); + break; + case symb: + push_sym(env, "symbol"); + break; + case func: + push_sym(env, "function"); + break; + case list: + push_sym(env, "list"); + break; + default: + push_sym(env, "unknown"); + break; + } +} + +/* Prints the top element of the stack. */ +void print_h(stackitem *stack_head) { - void* handle; - void* symbol; - - stackitem* new_item= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); - new_item->content.ptr= *hash(in_hash, in_string); - new_item->type= ref; - - if(new_item->content.ptr==NULL) { - handle= dlopen(NULL, RTLD_LAZY); - symbol= dlsym(handle, in_string); - if(dlerror()==NULL) - def_func(in_hash, symbol, in_string); - else - def_sym(in_hash, in_string); - - new_item->content.ptr= *hash(in_hash, in_string); - new_item->type= ref; + switch(stack_head->item->type) { + case integer: + printf("%d", stack_head->item->content.val); + break; + case string: + printf("\"%s\"", (char*)stack_head->item->content.ptr); + break; + case symb: + printf("%s", ((symbol *)(stack_head->item->content.ptr))->id); + break; + case func: + printf("#", (funcp)(stack_head->item->content.ptr)); + break; + case list: + /* A list is just a stack, so make stack_head point to it */ + stack_head=(stackitem *)(stack_head->item->content.ptr); + printf("[ "); + while(stack_head != NULL) { + print_h(stack_head); + printf(" "); + stack_head=stack_head->next; + } + printf("]"); + break; + default: + printf("#", (stack_head->item->content.ptr)); + break; } +} - push(stack_head, new_item); - return 1; +extern void print_(environment *env) { + if(env->head==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + print_h(env->head); } -extern void toss(stackitem** stack_head) +/* Prints the top element of the stack and then discards it. */ +extern void print(environment *env) { - stackitem* temp= *stack_head; - - *stack_head= (*stack_head)->next; - free(temp); + print_(env); + if(env->err) return; + toss(env); } - -/* print_stack(stack); */ -void print_st(stackitem* stack_head, long counter) +/* Only to be called by function printstack. */ +void print_st(stackitem *stack_head, long counter) { if(stack_head->next != NULL) print_st(stack_head->next, counter+1); + printf("%ld: ", counter); + print_h(stack_head); + nl(); +} - switch(stack_head->type){ - case value: - printf("%ld: %d\n", counter, (int)stack_head->content.val); - break; - case string: - printf("%ld: \"%s\"\n", counter, (char*)stack_head->content.ptr); - break; - case ref: - case func: - case symbol: - printf("%ld: %p\n", counter, stack_head->content.ptr); - break; + + +/* Prints the stack. */ +extern void printstack(environment *env) +{ + if(env->head == NULL) { + return; } + print_st(env->head, 1); + nl(); } -extern void printstack(stackitem** stack_head) +/* Swap the two top elements on the stack. */ +extern void swap(environment *env) { - if(*stack_head != NULL) { - print_st(*stack_head, 1); - printf("\n"); + stackitem *temp= env->head; + + if((env->head)==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + + if(env->head->next==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; } + + env->head= env->head->next; + temp->next= env->head->next; + env->head->next= temp; +} + +stackitem* copy(stackitem* in_item) +{ + stackitem *out_item= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); + + memcpy(out_item, in_item, sizeof(stackitem)); + out_item->next= NULL; + + return out_item; } +/* Recall a value from a symbol, if bound */ +extern void rcl(environment *env) +{ + value *val; + + if(env->head == NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + + if(env->head->item->type!=symb) { + printerr("Bad Argument Type"); + env->err=2; + return; + } -extern void eval(stackitem** stack_head) + val=((symbol *)(env->head->item->content.ptr))->val; + if(val == NULL){ + printerr("Unbound Variable"); + env->err=3; + return; + } + toss(env); /* toss the symbol */ + if(env->err) return; + push_val(&(env->head), val); /* Return its bound value */ +} + +/* If the top element is a symbol, determine if it's bound to a + function value, and if it is, toss the symbol and execute the + function. */ +extern void eval(environment *env) { funcp in_func; + value* temp_val; + stackitem* iterator; + + if(env->head==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + + /* if it's a symbol */ + if(env->head->item->type==symb) { + + rcl(env); /* get its contents */ + if(env->err) return; + if(env->head->item->type!=symb){ /* don't recurse symbols */ + eval(env); /* evaluate the value */ + return; + } + } + + /* If it's a lone function value, run it */ + if(env->head->item->type==func) { + in_func= (funcp)(env->head->item->content.ptr); + toss(env); + if(env->err) return; + (*in_func)(env); + return; + } + + /* If it's a list */ + if(env->head->item->type==list) { + temp_val= env->head->item; + env->head->item->refcount++; + toss(env); + if(env->err) return; + iterator= (stackitem*)temp_val->content.ptr; + while(iterator!=NULL && iterator->item!=NULL) { + push_val(&(env->head), iterator->item); + if(env->head->item->type==symb + && strcmp(";", ((symbol*)(env->head->item->content.ptr))->id)==0) { + toss(env); + if(env->err) return; + eval(env); + } + iterator= iterator->next; + } + free_val(temp_val); + } +} - if((*stack_head)==NULL || (*stack_head)->type!=ref) +/* Reverse (flip) a list */ +extern void rev(environment *env){ + stackitem *old_head, *new_head, *item; + + if((env->head)==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; return; + } - if(((stackitem*)(*stack_head)->content.ptr)->type==func) { - in_func= (funcp)((stackitem*)(*stack_head)->content.ptr)->content.ptr; - toss(stack_head); - (*in_func)(stack_head); + if(env->head->item->type!=list) { + printerr("Bad Argument Type"); + env->err=2; return; } + + old_head=(stackitem *)(env->head->item->content.ptr); + new_head=NULL; + while(old_head != NULL){ + item=old_head; + old_head=old_head->next; + item->next=new_head; + new_head=item; + } + env->head->item->content.ptr=new_head; +} + +/* Make a list. */ +extern void pack(environment *env) +{ + void* delimiter; + stackitem *iterator, *temp; + value *pack; + + delimiter= env->head->item->content.ptr; /* Get delimiter */ + toss(env); + + iterator= env->head; + + if(iterator==NULL || iterator->item->content.ptr==delimiter) { + temp= NULL; + toss(env); + } else { + /* Search for first delimiter */ + while(iterator->next!=NULL + && iterator->next->item->content.ptr!=delimiter) + iterator= iterator->next; + + /* Extract list */ + temp= env->head; + env->head= iterator->next; + iterator->next= NULL; + + if(env->head!=NULL) + toss(env); + } + + /* Push list */ + pack= malloc(sizeof(value)); + pack->type= list; + pack->content.ptr= temp; + pack->refcount= 1; + + temp= malloc(sizeof(stackitem)); + temp->item= pack; + + push(&(env->head), temp); + rev(env); } -int stack_read(stackitem** stack_head, hashtbl in_hash, char* in_line) +/* Parse input. */ +void stack_read(environment *env, char *in_line) { char *temp, *rest; int itemp; size_t inlength= strlen(in_line)+1; int convert= 0; + static int non_eval_flag= 0; temp= malloc(inlength); rest= malloc(inlength); - if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "\"%[^\"\n\r]\" %[^\n\r]", temp, rest)) >= 1) - push_cstring(stack_head, temp); - else if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "%d %[^\n\r]", &itemp, rest)) >= 1) - push_val(stack_head, itemp); - else if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "%[^ ;\n\r]%[^\n\r]", temp, rest)) >= 1) - push_ref(stack_head, in_hash, temp); - else if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "%c%[^\n\r]", temp, rest)) >= 1) - if(*temp==';') - eval(stack_head); + do { + /* If comment */ + if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "#%[^\n\r]", rest))) { + free(temp); free(rest); + return; + } + + /* If string */ + if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "\"%[^\"\n\r]\" %[^\n\r]", temp, rest))) { + push_cstring(&(env->head), temp); + break; + } + /* If integer */ + if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "%d %[^\n\r]", &itemp, rest))) { + push_int(&(env->head), itemp); + break; + } + /* Escape ';' with '\' */ + if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "\\%c%[^\n\r]", temp, rest))) { + temp[1]= '\0'; + push_sym(env, temp); + break; + } + /* If symbol */ + if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "%[^][ ;\n\r]%[^\n\r]", temp, rest))) { + push_sym(env, temp); + break; + } + /* If single char */ + if((convert= sscanf(in_line, "%c%[^\n\r]", temp, rest))) { + if(*temp==';') { + if(!non_eval_flag) { + eval(env); /* Evaluate top element */ + break; + } + + push_sym(env, ";"); + break; + } + + if(*temp==']') { + push_sym(env, "["); + pack(env); + if(non_eval_flag!=0) + non_eval_flag--; + break; + } + + if(*temp=='[') { + push_sym(env, "["); + non_eval_flag++; + break; + } + } + } while(0); free(temp); if(convert<2) { free(rest); - return 0; + return; } - stack_read(stack_head, in_hash, rest); + stack_read(env, rest); free(rest); - return 1; } -extern void print(stackitem** stack_head) +/* Relocate elements of the list on the stack. */ +extern void expand(environment *env) { - if((*stack_head)==NULL) + stackitem *temp, *new_head; + + /* Is top element a list? */ + if(env->head==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + if(env->head->item->type!=list) { + printerr("Bad Argument Type"); + env->err=2; return; + } - switch((*stack_head)->type){ - case value: - printf("%d", (*stack_head)->content.val); - break; - case string: - printf("%s", (char*)(*stack_head)->content.ptr); - break; - case symbol: - printf("%s", (*stack_head)->id); - case ref: - default: - printf("%p", (*stack_head)->content.ptr); - break; + rev(env); + + if(env->err) + return; + + /* The first list element is the new stack head */ + new_head= temp= env->head->item->content.ptr; + + env->head->item->refcount++; + toss(env); + + /* Find the end of the list */ + while(temp->next!=NULL) + temp= temp->next; + + /* Connect the tail of the list with the old stack head */ + temp->next= env->head; + env->head= new_head; /* ...and voila! */ + +} + +/* Compares two elements by reference. */ +extern void eq(environment *env) +{ + void *left, *right; + int result; + + if((env->head)==NULL || env->head->next==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; } - toss(stack_head); + left= env->head->item->content.ptr; + swap(env); + right= env->head->item->content.ptr; + result= (left==right); + + toss(env); toss(env); + push_int(&(env->head), result); } -extern void nl() +/* Negates the top element on the stack. */ +extern void not(environment *env) { - printf("\n"); + int val; + + if((env->head)==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + + if(env->head->item->type!=integer) { + printerr("Bad Argument Type"); + env->err=2; + return; + } + + val= env->head->item->content.val; + toss(env); + push_int(&(env->head), !val); +} + +/* Compares the two top elements on the stack and return 0 if they're the + same. */ +extern void neq(environment *env) +{ + eq(env); + not(env); } -extern void quit() +/* Give a symbol some content. */ +extern void def(environment *env) +{ + symbol *sym; + + /* Needs two values on the stack, the top one must be a symbol */ + if(env->head==NULL || env->head->next==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + + if(env->head->item->type!=symb) { + printerr("Bad Argument Type"); + env->err=2; + return; + } + + /* long names are a pain */ + sym=env->head->item->content.ptr; + + /* if the symbol was bound to something else, throw it away */ + if(sym->val != NULL) + free_val(sym->val); + + /* Bind the symbol to the value */ + sym->val= env->head->next->item; + sym->val->refcount++; /* Increase the reference counter */ + + toss(env); toss(env); +} + +/* Quit stack. */ +extern void quit(environment *env) { exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } +/* Clear stack */ +extern void clear(environment *env) +{ + while(env->head!=NULL) + toss(env); +} + +/* List all defined words */ +extern void words(environment *env) +{ + symbol *temp; + int i; + + for(i= 0; isymbols[i]; + while(temp!=NULL) { + printf("%s\n", temp->id); + temp= temp->next; + } + } +} + +/* Forgets a symbol (remove it from the hash table) */ +extern void forget(environment *env) +{ + char* sym_id; + stackitem *stack_head= env->head; + symbol **hash_entry, *temp; + + if(stack_head==NULL) { + printerr("Too Few Arguments"); + env->err=1; + return; + } + + if(stack_head->item->type!=symb) { + printerr("Bad Argument Type"); + env->err=2; + return; + } + + sym_id= ((symbol*)(stack_head->item->content.ptr))->id; + toss(env); + + hash_entry= hash(env->symbols, sym_id); + temp= *hash_entry; + *hash_entry= (*hash_entry)->next; + + if(temp->val!=NULL) { + free_val(temp->val); + } + free(temp->id); + free(temp); +} + +/* Returns the current error number to the stack */ +extern void errn(environment *env){ + push_int(&(env->head), env->err); +} + int main() { - stackitem* s= NULL; - hashtbl myhash; + environment myenv; char in_string[100]; - init_hashtbl(myhash); + init_env(&myenv); printf("okidok\n "); while(fgets(in_string, 100, stdin) != NULL) { - stack_read(&s, myhash, in_string); + stack_read(&myenv, in_string); + if(myenv.err) { + printf("(error %d) ", myenv.err); + myenv.err=0; + } printf("okidok\n "); } - - - return EXIT_SUCCESS; + quit(&myenv); + return EXIT_FAILURE; } - -/* Local Variables: */ -/* compile-command:"make CFLAGS=\"-Wall -g -rdynamic -ldl\" stack" */ -/* End: */